Nineteenth Annual Pezcoller Symposium: hypothesis-driven clinical investigation in cancer.

This symposium was held in Trento, Italy, from June 14 to 16, 2007, and was co chaired by William G. Kaelin, Enrico Mihich, and Charles L. Sawyers. A session was devoted to the proof of concept derived from successes in target-oriented therapeutics. Molecular targets must be identified in each patients because they are equally present in all patients with the same tumor type. A session was devoted to the identification of markers of drug effectiveness. Two sessions were focused on opportunities for developing new specific molecular target-oriented therapies.